Method of registering a running time on an information carrier, information carrier and apparatus

ABSTRACT

Running time is registered on an information carrier that includes main data and subcode data. The running time is indicated in a subcode channel by a subcode time expressed in accordance with a predetermined format. A pseudo-running time is described by incrementing the subcode time in accordance with a pseudo-tempo, which is different from an actual tempo, the actual tempo representing a tempo in accordance with the actual running time.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The invention relates to a method of registering a running time on aninformation carrier, the information carrier comprising main data andsubcode data, the running time being indicated in a subcode channel by asubcode time expressed in accordance with a predetermined format.

The invention also relates to a method of registering a running time ofan information carrier, the running time being described by a subcodetime in a subcode channel, the subcode time being expressed in minutes,seconds and frames, a number of bits for expressing the number ofminutes of the subcode time being available in the subcode channel.

The invention further relates to an information carrier comprising maindata, subcode data and tracks in which information is stored, theinformation carrier further comprising information about a running timeof the information carrier, the running time being indicated in asubcode channel by a subcode time expressed in accordance with apredetermined format.

The invention further relates to an information carrier for recordingand storing main data and subcode data in tracks, the informationcarrier further comprising a pre-groove in which information about arunning time indicated by a subcode time and a pre-groove time isstored, both the subcode time and the pre-groove time being expressed inaccordance with a predetermined format.

The invention further relates to an apparatus for reading an informationcarrier, comprising a system for detecting and reading informationstored on the information carrier, the system comprising detection meansand read-out means for receiving detector signals, the read-out meansbeing arranged to retrieve a subcode time.

The invention further relates to an apparatus for recording aninformation carrier, comprising write means for inducing a detectablechange on a layer of the information carrier, the write means beingarranged to write a subcode time on the information carrier, whichsubcode time is incremented in accordance with an actual tempo, theactual tempo representing a tempo in accordance with the actual runningtime.

The method according to the invention may be used in several well-knowninformation carriers, e.g. Compact-Disc (CD), Video-CD, CD-Recordable(CD-R) or CD-Rewritable (CD-RW).

2. Related Art

A method mentioned in the foregoing is known from the standard formatdescription of the Compact Disc Digital Audio, well known to the personskilled in the art (see International Standard IEC 908).

In this standard format description, a high-density optical disc isdescribed in detail. The digital information present in digital form onthis disc is read out by means of an optical system. Using theEFM-modulation code and the CIRC error-correction system for storinginformation on the disc, an information carrier with reasonably gooderror-detection and error-correction possibilities is created. In orderto create these possibilities, redundancies are used in theEFM-modulation code.

After demodulation, some bits are present for control and displaypurposes. With these bits, the standard format description of theCompact Disc defines eight additional channels of information orsubcodes that are added to the music information; these subcode channelsare called P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W. One of the features of the Q-channelstates the running time of the information carrier. The inventionrelates to this feature.

It should be noted that the Compact Disc Digital Audio is only to betaken as an example in the field of application of this invention. Otherdifferent CD formats can be used to apply this invention, e.g. Video-CD,CD-R or CD-RW. For example, in the CD-R or CD-RW, the running time asdescribed below in detail is recorded in the so-called pre-groove in theATIP (absolute time in pre-groove). For an overview of some relevant CDstandards, see Compact disc standards: an introductory overview, JanKorst, Verus Pronk, Multimedia Systems (1994) 2:157-171.

According to the standard format description of the Compact Disc DigitalAudio, the running time on the disc is expressed in 6 digits inBCD-code. The fields AMIN, ASEC and AFRAME are each expressed in 2digits. This has as the effect that the maximum value of the AMIN fieldis 99 minutes, resulting in a maximum running time of almost 100 minutes(in fact, 99 minutes, 59 seconds, 74/75 seconds, as will be furtherexplained).

A person skilled in the art therefore learns from the standard formatdescription that the running time of a Compact Disc is limited to 100minutes, which is due to the fact that 2 digits are available forexpressing the AMIN field.

In certain circumstances, it may be desirable to increase the possiblemaximum running time of the Compact Disc. The invention therefore hasfor its object to provide a running time registration with an increasedpossible maximum running time on an information carrier.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The method according to the invention is characterized in that apseudo-running time is described by incrementing the subcode time inaccordance with a pseudo-tempo, which is different from an actual tempo,the actual tempo representing a tempo in accordance with the actualrunning time.

The invention is based on the recognition that, by incrementing thesubcode time at a pseudo-tempo which is different from an actual tempo,the actual tempo representing the actual running time of a Compact Discas indicated by the subcode time is not limited to 100 minutes anymore.By using this pseudo-tempo, more flexibility in the maximum achievablerunning time is introduced.

Technical improvements have made it possible to increase the runningtime of a Compact Disc, starting from an initial value of approximately72 minutes. Due to these improvements, the maximum possible subcode timeof 99:59:74 may be a limiting factor to the running time of a CompactDisc. By introducing the proposed subcode time according to theinvention, the subcode time ceases to be a limiting factor.

Another method according to the invention is characterized in that thepseudo-tempo is smaller than the actual tempo.

By using a pseudo-tempo that is smaller than the actual tempo, thesubcode time exceeds the known limit of 100 minutes.

Another method according to the invention is characterized in that afirst pseudo-tempo is equal to the actual tempo up to a predeterminedsubcode time, and that, starting from said predetermined subcode time, asecond pseudo-tempo is smaller than the actual tempo.

Depending on the actual running time of an information carrier, it maybe favorable to use a tempo which is equal to the actual tempo up to apredetermined subcode time and, after that subcode time, a tempo smallerthan the actual tempo. In this way, the user of this information carrierhas the correct information about the running time up to that subcodetime. After that subcode time, the displayed running time information isnot correct anymore.

If an information carrier has a total running time of 120 minutes, up to80 minutes of the actual tempo is used, resulting in a correctlydisplayed running time information. After 80 minutes, a pseudo-timeequal to half the actual tempo is used, resulting in a total possiblesubcode time of 120 minutes. It is clear therefrom that the choice ofthe pseudo tempo and the predetermined subcode time is dependent on thetotal running time of the information carrier used.

Another method according to the invention is characterized in that afirst pseudo tempo is equal to the actual tempo up to a predeterminedsubcode time and that, starting from that predetermined subcode time, asecond pseudo tempo is zero.

Instead of using a tempo smaller than the actual tempo, a zero tempo mayalso be used. This results in the subcode time being kept constant.Therefore, there is no limit to the running time of the informationcarrier anymore. The running time displayed is not in accordance withthe actual running time of the information carrier, starting from thepredetermined subcode time.

Another method according to the invention is characterized in that acontrol code is used, this control code indicating the use of a subcodetime in accordance with a pseudo-tempo which is different from theactual tempo.

By using a control code, e.g. a pointer, in the subcode channel, the useof a subcode time which is different from the ‘regular’ subcode time canbe indicated. This control code can be stored in the subcode time at theplace where the ‘regular’ subcode time is abandoned. With thisinformation, the apparatus reading the information carrier can, forexample, display an additional sign indicating that the running timedisplayed does not correspond to the actual running time.

Another method according to the invention is characterized in that thepseudo-tempo is smaller than the actual tempo by expressing the subcodetime in values exceeding the maximum possible values in accordance withthe predetermined format.

By expressing the subcode time in values exceeding the maximum possiblevalues in accordance with the predetermined format, the maximum possiblerunning time is increased. The maximum possible values in accordancewith this predetermined format are 59 for AMIN and 74 for AFRAME.Optimally use of the predetermined format with the subcode will resultin a maximum value of 99 for AMIN and AFRAME. As the subcode addressesare in accordance with the predetermined format, there will be noproblems when reading an information carrier with these subcodeaddresses.

Another method according to the invention is characterized in that thenumber of bits is increased by using bits, which are present in fieldsof the subcode channel, the field having a predefined purpose differentfrom expressing the minutes of the subcode time.

In order to increase the running time, different subcode timing bits mayalso be used. Bits which are present in fields of the subcode channelcan be used for expressing the minutes of the subcode time. These fieldshave a predefined purpose which differs from that for expressing theminutes of the subcode time.

The information carrier according to the invention is characterized inthat a pseudo-running time is described by incrementing the subcode timein accordance with a pseudo-tempo, which is different from an actualtempo, the actual tempo representing a tempo in accordance with theactual running time.

Another information carrier according to the invention is characterizedin that a pseudo-running time is described in the pre-groove byincrementing the subcode time in accordance with a pseudo-tempo, whichis different from an actual tempo, the actual tempo representing a tempoin accordance with the actual running time.

The apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that theread-out means are further arranged to detect a control code indicatingthe presence of a subcode time which is incremented in accordance with apseudo-tempo, which is different from an actual tempo, the actual temporepresenting a tempo in accordance with the actual running time.

Another apparatus according to the invention is characterized in thatthe write means are further arranged to write a subcode time on theinformation carrier, which subcode time is incremented in accordancewith a pseudo-tempo which is different from an actual tempo.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be further described in the following Figuredescription in which

FIG. 1 shows the general data format of the channel Q,

FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 6 shows an information carrier according to the invention,

FIG. 7 shows an apparatus according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The data format of channel Q is given in FIG. 1. In order to explainthis Figure, some background information about this channel is givenfirst.

A substantial amount of information is added to the data before thecompact disc is recorded. After applying the so-called CIRC encoding,well known to a person skilled in the art, control words are added tothe data. One 8-bit control & display word is added to every 32-symbolblock of data (a symbol is an 8-bit word). The standard formatdescription of the Compact Disc defines eight additional channels ofinformation or subcodes that can be added to the music information;these subcodes are called, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W. The invention asdescribed is related to the Q-channel. More detailed information aboutthe use of the other subcode channels can be found in InternationalStandard IEC 908.

The Q-channel is used for control purposes of more sophisticatedplayers. The decoding of this channel can be implemented with aμ-computer. Items like track number and time are encoded in channel Q.Each subcode word is 98 bits long, so that 98 frames must be read fromthe disc to read a complete subcode word. The data format of channel Qis given in FIG. 1.

The upper part of FIG. 1 shows the general data format, the lower partof FIG. 1 specifies the data-Q part. The 98-bit long Q subcode wordconsists of 5 parts:

A sync-pattern 1 (2 bits). This pattern is necessary to allow thedecoder to distinguish the Q subcode word in a block from the audioinformation.

A CONTROL field 2 (4 bits). This control field 2 contains 4 flag bits todefine the kind of information in a track.

An ADR field 3 (4 bits). This ADR field 3 indicates the mode of thesubsequent data to follow.

A DATA-Q field 4 (72 bits). This DATA-Q field includes the actualcontrol & display information.

A CRC field 5 (16 bits). This CRC field 5 comprises an error-correctioncode calculated on control, address and data information.

As the invention is related to the data format of the channel Q in thelower part of FIG. 1, the DATA-Q is explained in more detail. The DATA-Qfield comprises 9 fields of 8-bit length, which are:

A TNO field 6. In this TNO field 6, the track number is expressed in2-digit BCD-code.

An X field 7. In this X field, an index to track number expressed in theTNO field 6 is present.

The MIN field 8, the SEC field 9 and the FRAME field 10 indicate therunning time within a track; each field is expressed in 2-digitBCD-code. The time is set to zero at the start of a track. Timeincreases in the music and decreases in the pause, ending with the valueof zero at the end of the pause. In the lead-in and lead-out tracks, thetime increases. The minutes are stored in MIN, the seconds in SEC andone second is subdivided into 75 FRAMEs (running from 00 to 74).

The ZERO field 11 contains eight bits with the value of zero.

The AMIN field 12, the ASEC field 13 and the AFRAME field 14 indicatethe running time of a disc; each field is expressed in 2-digit BCD-code.At the starting diameter of the program area, the running time is set tozero and TNO takes the value of the first track on the disc. The minutesare stored in AMIN, the seconds in ASEC and one second is subdividedinto 75 AFRAMEs (running from 00 to 74).

FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of the invention. In order to increasethe possible running time, each subcode address is repeated once, thesubcode enters some kind of ‘stutter’ mode. As a result, the subcodetime increases twice more slowly than the real time does. Althoughaddresses are not unambiguous anymore, any part of the informationcarrier is still accessible.

This can also be applied to an information carrier where the ‘stutter’mode commences after some time, e.g. on a 120-min disc the conventionalsubcode is used during the first 80 minutes and the ‘stutter’ mode isused for the next 40 minutes. FIG. 2 shows a part of the subcodeaccording to this embodiment. The subcode is indicated for 15consecutive frames. Arrow 15 points into the direction of increasingrunning time when reading an information carrier. FIG. 2 shows thesubcode entering this ‘stutter’ mode at the subcode address 80:00:00.Starting from this subcode time, each subcode address is repeated once,resulting in a twice slower increment of the subcode time.

In addition, a special pointer indicating the use of this ‘stutter’ modecan be defined in the subcode. Among other things, this pointer canindicate the subcode time after which the ‘stutter’ mode is used.

FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment of the invention. In this secondembodiment, the expression of the AMIN field 12, ASEC field 13 andAFRAME field 14 fields in 2 digits is used optimally in order to prolongthe possible maximum running time. The maximum value of the ASEC field13 is increased from the regular value of 59 to the BCD-code-relatedmaximum value of 99. The possible maximum running time is increased by66% with this sole measure (instead of a maximum running time of 6000seconds, a maximum of 10000 seconds is realized). FIG. 3 shows two partsof the subcode addresses indicating this measure.

It can be easily understood that, instead of using the ASEC field 13optimally, also the AFRAME field 14 can be used optimally by using theBCD-code related maximum value of 99 instead of the regular value of 74.

FIG. 4 shows a third embodiment of the invention. In order to increasethe possible running time, the subcode time is kept constant after somepredetermined subcode time, e.g. after 99 minutes, 59 seconds and 74frames, i.e. the maximum possible subcode time according toInternational Standard IEC 908. In this way, the possible running timeis obviously unlimited. The subcode enters in some kind of ‘clamping’mode. In FIG. 4, the subcode time enters this ‘clamping’ mode at thesubcode address 80:00:00.

In addition, also in this embodiment, a special pointer indicating theuse of this ‘clamping’ mode can be defined in the subcode. Among otherthings, this pointer can indicate the subcode time after which the‘clamping’ mode is used.

FIG. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention. In order to increasethe possible running time, four bits 16 of the ZERO field 11,immediately preceding the bits of the AMIN field 12, representing theminutes of the subcode time in 2-digit BCD-code, can be ‘sacrificed’.Due to these extra four bits, an extra digit becomes available forexpressing the minutes of the subcode time. The maximum number ofminutes is therefore increased to 999 minutes instead of 99 minutes.

In this way, the ZERO bits are only used as AMIN bits if the totalrunning time of a disc exceeds 100 minutes. Up to a running time of 100minutes, all ZERO field bits remain zeros; as from a running time of 100minutes, the ZERO field bits are very gradually used as extra AMIN bits.Up to a playing time of 200 minutes, only one ZERO field bit is used asAMIN bit (up to a playing time of 400 minutes, only two ZERO field bitsare used as AMIN bit; up to a playing time of 800 minutes, only threeZERO field bits are used as AMIN bit).

As an example, FIG. 5 shows a subcode address according to thisembodiment. The subcode address shown here is 103:15:22, 103 minutes, 15seconds and 22 frames in BCD-code.

The embodiments shown in FIGS. 2, 3, 4 and 5 may be used in severaldifferent Compact Disc formats, e.g. CD Digital Audio. They may also beused in CD-R or CD-RW, where the subcode addresses are written in thepre-groove in the ATIP field while manufacturing the disc (forinformation about this pre-groove, see European Patent Specification EP0 265 984 B1) and in the AMIN field, ASEC field and AFRAME field whilerecording information on the CD-R or CD-RW. The subcode addresseswritten in the AMIN fields, ASEC fields and AFRAME fields are written inthe same way as indicated in International Standard IEC 908. The timeindicated in the ATIP field should be identical to the time indicated inthe AMIN field, ASEC field and AFRAME field. The ATIP field uses aslightly different time indication, with the result that the maximumvalue of the ATIP field is 79:59:74. The maximum running time of aninformation carrier using this ATIP field is therefore limited to 80minutes. This invention increases the maximum running time to a valueabove this 80-minute barrier.

FIG. 6 shows, as an example, an information carrier 17 according to theinvention. This information carrier has a pre-groove 18 for storing theinformation present on the carrier and a central opening 19. Thepre-groove comprises the subcode information according to the invention.This information carrier may be a CD-R or a CD-RW. Also other CD formats(e.g. CD Digital Audio) may be used in this invention.

FIG. 7 shows an apparatus according to the invention for reading theinformation carrier 17 with the subcode according to the invention andfor writing the subcode according to the invention on the informationcarrier. The apparatus comprises driving means 26 for rotating theinformation carrier 17 and a read head 27 for reading the tracks presenton the information carrier. The read head 27 comprises an optical systemof a known type to focus a light spot 28 on a track by means of a beamof light 29 guided through optical elements like a collimator lens 39,to collimate the beam of light, and an objective lens, to focus the beamof light. This beam of light 29 originates from a radiation source 41,e.g. an infrared laser diode with a wavelength of 650 nm and an opticaloutput of 1 mW. The read head 27 further comprises a tracking actuatorfor fine-positioning the light spot 28 in the radial direction in themiddle of the track. Adjusting the position of the light spot to theposition of the track can also be achieved by changing the position ofthe objective lens 40.

After being reflected by the information carrier 17, the beam of light29 is detected by a detector 42 of a known type, e.g. a quadrantdetector and generates detector signals 31 including a read signal, atracking-error signal, a focussing-error signal, a synchronizationsignal and a lock-in signal. E.g. a beam-splitting cube 43, a polarizingbeam-splitting cube, a pellicle or a retarder may be used for thispurpose. The apparatus further comprises tracking means 32 connected tothe read head 27 for receiving the tracking-error signal of the readhead 27 and for steering the tracking actuator 30. When the informationcarrier 17 is being read, the read-out signal is converted in theread-out means 34 into output information 33, the read-out meanscomprising, for example, a channel decoder or an error-corrector. Therunning time can be displayed with the output information 33. By using apointer present in the subcode addresses, the read-out means can alsoconvert the read-out signal into output information, in order to be ableto display the running time if the subcode addresses are incrementedaccording to the invention. The apparatus further comprises an addressdetector 35 for retrieving the addresses from the detector signals 31and positioning means 36 for coarse positioning the read head 27 in theradial direction of the track. The apparatus further comprises detectionmeans 48 for receiving the detector signals 31 from the read head 27.The detector signals 31 are used by the detection means 48 forsynchronizing the read-out means 34. The apparatus further comprises asystem control unit 37 for receiving commands from a controllingcomputer system or a user and for regulating the apparatus by means ofcontrol lines 38, e.g. a system bus connected to the driving means 26,the positioning means 36, the address detector 35, the tracking means 32and the read-out means 34.

In another embodiment, the apparatus may also comprise write means forapplying optically readable signs on the information carrier 17 of arecordable or rewritable type. The read head 27 is replaced by aread/write head 27. In this embodiment, this read/write head 27comprises the write means.

Whilst the invention has been described with reference to preferredembodiments thereof, it is to be understood that these arenon-limitative examples. Thus, various modifications may become apparentto those skilled in the art, without departing from the scope of theinvention, as defined in the claims.

Furthermore, the invention resides in each and every novel feature orcombination of features.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of registering a running time on aninformation carrier, the method comprising providing the informationcarrier, the information carrier including main data and subcode data,the running time being indicated in a subcode channel by a subcode timeexpressed in accordance with a predetermined format, a pseudo-runningtime is described by incrementing the subcode time in accordance with apseudo-tempo, which is different from an actual tempo, the actual temporepresenting a tempo in accordance with the actual running time.
 2. Themethod of claim 1, in which the pseudo-tempo is smaller than the actualtempo.
 3. The method of claim 2, in which the pseudo-tempo is equal tohalf the actual tempo.
 4. The method of claim 1, in which a firstpseudo-tempo is equal to the actual tempo up to a predetermined subcodetime, and that, starting from the predetermined subcode time, a secondpseudo-tempo is smaller than the actual tempo.
 5. The method of claim 4,in which the second pseudo-tempo is equal to half the actual tempo. 6.The method of claim 2, in which a first pseudo-tempo is equal to theactual tempo up to a predetermined subcode time, and that, starting fromthe predetermined subcode time, a second pseudo-tempo is zero.
 7. Themethod of claim 6, in which the predetermined subcode time is orapproximately is 99:59:74.
 8. The method of claim 6, in which a controlcode is used, this control code indicating the use of a subcode time inaccordance with a pseudo-tempo which is different from the actual tempo.9. The method of claim 2, in which the pseudo-tempo is smaller than theactual tempo by expressing the subcode time in values exceeding themaximum possible values in accordance with the predetermined format. 10.A method of registering a running time of an information carrier, themethod comprising providing the information carrier, the running timebeing described by a subcode time in a subcode channel, the subcode timebeing expressed in minutes, seconds and frames, a number of bits forexpressing the number of minutes of the subcode time being available inthe subcode channel, the number of bits is increased by using extra bitsother than subcode timing bits, the extra bits being present in at leastone field of the subcode channel, the at least one field of the subcodechannel having a predefined purpose which is different from that forexpressing the minutes of the subcode time.
 11. The method of claim 10,in which the extra bits include bits of a ZERO field which immediatelyprecede the bits representing the minutes of the subcode time.
 12. Themethod of claim 10, in which a control code is used, this control codeindicating the use of bits which are present in fields of the subcodechannel, the field having a predefined purpose which is different fromthat for expressing the minutes of the subcode time.
 13. An informationcarrier comprising main data, subcode data and tracks in whichinformation is stored, the information carrier further comprisinginformation about a running time of the information carrier, the runningtime being indicated in a subcode channel by a subcode time expressed inaccordance with a predetermined format, a pseudo-running time isdescribed by incrementing the subcode time in accordance with apseudo-tempo, which is different from an actual tempo, the actual temporepresenting a tempo in accordance with the actual running time.
 14. Aninformation carrier for recording and storing main data and subcode datain tracks, the information carrier comprising a pre-groove in whichinformation about a running time indicated by a subcode time and apre-groove time is stored, both the subcode time and the pre-groove timebeing expressed in accordance with a predetermined format, apseudo-running time is described in the pre-groove by incrementing thesubcode time in accordance with a pseudo-tempo, which is different froman actual tempo, the actual tempo representing a tempo in accordancewith the actual running time.
 15. An information carrier comprising maindata, subcode data and tracks in which information is stored, theinformation carrier further comprising information about a running timeof the information carrier, the running time being indicated in asubcode channel by a subcode time expressed in minutes, seconds andframes, a number of bits for expressing the number of minutes of thesubcode time being available in the subcode channel, the number of bitsis increased by using extra bits other than subcode timing bits, theextra bits being present in at least one field of the subcode channel,the at least one field of the subcode channel having a predefinedpurpose which is different from that for expressing the minutes of thesubcode time.
 16. An information carrier comprising main data, subcodedata and tracks in which information can be stored, the informationcarrier further comprising information about a running time indicated bya subcode time stored in a pre-groove, the subcode time being expressedin minutes, seconds and frames, a number of bits for expressing thenumber of minutes of the subcode time being available in the subcodechannel, the number of bits is increased by using extra bits other thansubcode timing bits, the extra bits being present in at least one fieldof the subcode channel, the at least one field of the subcode channelhaving a predefined purpose which is different from that for expressingthe minutes of the subcode time.
 17. An apparatus for reading aninformation carrier, comprising a system for detecting and readinginformation stored on the information carrier, the system includingdetection means and read-out means for receiving detector signals, theread-out means being arranged to retrieve a subcode time, characterizedin that the read-out means are further arranged to detect a control codeindicating the presence of a subcode time which is incremented inaccordance with a pseudo-tempo, which is different from an actual tempo,the actual tempo representing a tempo in accordance with the actualrunning time.
 18. An apparatus for recording an information carrier,comprising write means for inducing a detectable change on a layer ofthe information carrier, the write means being arranged to write asubcode time on the information carrier, which subcode time isincremented in accordance with an actual tempo, the actual temporepresenting a tempo in accordance with the actual running time,characterized in that the write means are further arranged to write asubcode time on the information carrier which subcode time isincremented in accordance with a pseudo-tempo which is different from anactual tempo.
 19. The method of claim 4, in which the predeterminedsubcode time is or approximately is 80:00:00.
 20. The method of claim 5,in which the predetermined subcode time is or approximately is 80:00:00.21. The carrier of claim 13, in which the pseudo-tempo is smaller thanthe actual tempo.
 22. The carrier of claim 14, in which the pseudo-tempois smaller than the actual tempo.
 23. The carrier of claim 13, in whicha first pseudo-tempo is equal to the actual tempo up to a predeterminedsubcode time, and that, starting from the predetermined subcode time, asecond pseudo-tempo is zero.
 24. The carrier of claim 14, in which afirst pseudo-tempo is equal to the actual tempo up to a predeterminedsubcode time, and that, starting from the predetermined subcode time, asecond pseudo-tempo is zero.